http://publikace.k.utb.cz:80 Digitální repozitář DSpace přijímá, ukládá, indexuje, uchovává a šíří digitální vědeckovýzkumné dokumenty. 2026-04-02T00:53:22Z http://hdl.handle.net/10563/1012785 Complex families in the United Kingdom: mapping children's diverse family pathways and their correlates from birth to age ten Šťastná, Michaela; Mikolai, Júlia; Finney, Nissa; Keenan, Katherine Lisa The rise in divorce, cohabitation, non-marital childbearing and multi-partner fertility means that today’s children are more likely to experience less common or less stable family settings compared to previous generations. This may lead to increasing inequalities across the life course. Unlike most existing studies on family change, we investigate family trajectories in the United Kingdom from children’s perspective. We map the family trajectories characterising children’s first ten years of life using multi-channel sequence analysis on data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, jointly capturing the dynamics of maternal partnership histories and paternal co-residence patterns from the children’s perspective. Multinomial logistic regression is applied to understand the characteristics associated with experiencing different childhood family trajectories. Children experience six typical family trajectories: continuously married; early separation; continuously cohabiting; later separation; early solo motherhood; and a new father. From birth to age ten, over a quarter of children do not continuously live with their two biological parents. Children with lower-educated mothers, mothers in the youngest or oldest groups, who live in urban areas, and belong to certain ethnic groups (White British, Mixed, Caribbean, Black African) tend to experience less common or less stable trajectories. Our elucidation of factors associated with more/less stable childhood family pathways can inform policy decision-making around support for families to mitigate growing short-and long-term inequalities giving rise to children’s diverging destinies. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10563/1012784 Turning persuasion into participation: how Gen Z tourists respond to carbon-surcharge communication Le, Huu Nghia; Nguyen, Tu Anh; Le, Mai Thao Nguyen; Le, Huynh Ha Co; Nguyen, Le Phuong Quynh; Vo, Thi Phuong Ngoc This study investigates how Generation Z tourists form support for carbon-surcharge communication in tourism, using Vietnam as an emerging-economy case. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design combined quantitative modelling (n = 255) with qualitative interviews (n = 32). Integrating the Elaboration Likelihood Model with the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) framework, results show that support arises from cognitive understanding built through strong arguments and clear information, affective engagement sustained by balanced emotions, and moral - social motivation grounded in fairness, verification, and peer visibility. Environmental concern moderates message processing, strengthening systematic elaboration among highly concerned individuals. An exploratory direct association further indicates that greater concern enhances attention to carbon information irrespective of framing. Behavioural intention emerges when transparent and trustworthy systems enable moral conviction to become action, highlighting the psychological and contextual conditions that convert persuasive carbon-surcharge communication into low-carbon engagement. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10563/1012783 Local anodic oxidation of graphene: The role of number of layers, load force, and substrate Vymazal, Jan; Bartošík, Miroslav; Konečný, Martin; Piastek, Jakub; Mach, Jindřich; Supalová, Linda; Špaček, Ondřej; Šikola, Tomáš Local anodic oxidation has become a convenient technique for fabricating graphene oxide nanostructures in fundamental research (e.g., nanoelectronics). The process is typically controlled by tip–sample voltage, scanning speed, relative humidity, and tip characteristics (e.g., tip radius). The role of other parameters, such as the number of layers, load force, and graphene-substrate adhesion, is discussed in this paper. It is shown by atomic force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy that the oxidation of graphene is achievable only under specific conditions: low pulling force and sufficiently strong adhesion of graphene to its substrate. Such conditions ensure the stability of graphene on the surface and the proper formation of the water meniscus, which serves as a source of oxidizing ions, resulting in a reproducible oxidation process. Failure to comply with these conditions may lead to the formation of structures other than oxides (e.g., removal of graphene or the formation of air/water cavities under graphene), which is also demonstrated. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10563/1012786 Reactions of captive adult great tits toward aposematic prey: effects of personality Adamová-Ježová, Dana; Fuchsová, Lucie; Štys, Pavel; Šilarová, Eva; Drent, Pieter Jan; van Oers, Kees; Exnerová, Alice Individual variation in reactions to novel aposematic prey is common in avian predators. In wild adults, this variation may be caused by differences among individuals in experience with various prey, but similar variation exists in naive juveniles, and this is linked to personality-a complex of correlated, partly heritable behavioral traits that are consistent across time. Along the extremes on an axis of early exploratory behavior in great tits (Parus major), fast explorers are bold, aggressive, and routine-forming, whereas slow explorers are shy, less aggressive, and more innovative. We tested the effect of personality on innate wariness toward aposematic prey in adult hand-reared great tits from 2 lines selected for opposite levels of early exploratory behavior (fast vs. slow). The birds were offered aposematic firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus) over 2 d. Birds from both selection lines showed a similar degree of innate wariness toward the firebugs on the first day, but on the second day, fast explorers approached the firebugs significantly faster and more frequently than slow birds. Whether the birds attacked the firebugs was also dependent on their personality. Thus, personality-related individual differences in reactions of great tits toward the aposematic prey were maintained in the adult life stage. Personality affects avian responses to aposematic prey. In great tits, fast explorers are bolder, slow explorers more cautious. We tested hand-reared adults from lines selected for fast versus slow exploration. Both fast and slow birds were initially wary of aposematic firebugs, but fast explorers approached and attacked firebugs more frequently in repeated test. Although adults were less likely to attack aposematic prey than juveniles tested in a previous study, personality-related differences were maintained over time. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z