Factors and processes affecting food security

Abstract

Food security and its ensuring is a process that affects a number of factors. Main factors were defined in chapter 2 -Food availability, food access, food use and stability. Governments can influence the four dimensions of food security, with policies and investments that increase the availability of food sustainability, improve peoples' access to it, ensure that their utilisation results in adequate nutrition, and guarantee stability across those three dimensions. (OECD, 2013) FAO presents classification of factors in terms of food security on a global scale. It is also possible to introduce factors which are divided according to the typology of global problems. The 21st century world is facing a number of complex and interrelated challenges, which have serious implications for the efforts of FAO, its member countries and partners to achieve global food security: center dot The world's population is rapidly expanding (it will reach 9 billion by 2050), with most of the growth in today's developing countries. center dot Rural-urban migration is increasing considerably, again predominantly in developing countries (urban areas accounting 70 percent of the global population in 2050). center dot Changing patterns in the types of food consumed are resulting from economic expansion, globalization and urbanization. center dot Natural resources are being subject to unprecedented pressure from human activities. center dot Marked climate and environmental changes are occurring, including more frequent disasters and emergencies. center dot Globalization is affecting the agriculture sector and food security, with major implications for the free trade of food and access to markets and information as well as the availability of land for food production and food prices. (FAO, 2011; Ingram et al., 2010)