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Title: | The effect of melt processing conditions on the mechanical properties of polyvinylchloride/organoclay nanocomposites | ||||||||||
Author: | Kovářová, Lucie; Kalendová, Alena; Šimoník, Josef; Maláč, Jiří; Weiss, Zdeněk; Gérard, Jean-François | ||||||||||
Document type: | Peer-reviewed article (English) | ||||||||||
Source document: | Plastics, Rubber and Composites: Macromolecular Engineering. 2004, vol. 33, issue 7, p. 287-294 | ||||||||||
ISSN: | 1465-8011 (Sherpa/RoMEO, JCR) | ||||||||||
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Abstract: | Polyvinylchloride compositions have been prepared by the melt intercalation method using single screw extruder. The different types of nanofiller based on the sodium type of montmorillonite were tested. It especially means that intercalating agent containing amine groups combined with co-intercalating agent (low or high molecular weight plasticizer) were examined to find which is the most suitable not only for obtaining the largest basal spacing and subsequently the best exfoliation of clay tactoids in polymer matrix, but also for the highest positive influence on mechanical properties. In the case of better exfoliation the effect of compounding was investigated. Therefore, three values of screw speed were studied and some blends were compounded twice to study retention time in single screw extruder and influence on orientation, dispersion and exfoliation of clay particles in PVC matrix. Moreover, the effect of different types of plasticizer on mechanical properties was determined as well. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipates and epoxy plasticizer Lankroflex were tested. Following properties were examined: dynamical thermo-mechanical properties and tensile properties of thin PVC sheets prepared by calendaring. Using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy was found that partially intercalated and disordered structure arose in polyvinylchloride composites containing sodium type of montmorillonite, while a fine dispersion of partial exfoliation of individual montmorillonite layers in polyvinylchloride matrix was observed in case this clay was organically modified. Finally, almost three times higher value of tensile modulus for PVC nanocomposites containing as little as 5 wt. % montmorillonite provided that the convenient melt processing conditions were used is worth noticing. | ||||||||||
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